What to Ask Before Drilling a Water Well

Drilling a water well on your property is a long-term investment in water access and reliability. However, before drilling begins, it is essential to ask the right questions and understand the geological, environmental, and regulatory factors involved. This preparation helps ensure that the well provides safe, clean water for years to come and minimizes the risk of costly or hazardous outcomes.

Understanding your local water table and potential contaminants is essential before drilling a private well.

Start by asking about the depth of the water table in your area. Groundwater levels can vary widely depending on the region, recent weather patterns, and underlying rock formations. Deeper wells generally offer more stable water quality and flow rates, especially during drought conditions. However, they also involve higher initial drilling costs and longer pump life cycles.

Next, investigate any known contaminants in your area. If your property is near agricultural land, there may be a risk of nitrate contamination from fertilizers or runoff containing pesticides and herbicides. In some regions, natural elements such as arsenic or iron can also be present in the bedrock and leach into the groundwater. Additionally, “forever chemicals” such as PFAS, commonly found in products like waxes, shampoos, and fire retardants, can be persistent in groundwater and difficult to remove once present.

You should also determine whether local or state permits are required for drilling. Many jurisdictions have specific regulations regarding well placement, distance from septic systems, and minimum casing depths. Failing to obtain the correct permits can result in fines or even the requirement to decommission an improperly installed well.

Finally, consider the placement of the well on your property. Avoid areas near septic systems, driveways, or low-lying spots where surface water collects. The goal is to place the well in a location that is elevated, accessible, and away from potential sources of contamination. Soil conditions and terrain can also influence drilling ease and long-term stability.

By asking these questions early, you increase the likelihood of securing a well that delivers clean water safely and consistently. A properly planned and well-installed well can serve your property for decades with minimal intervention.